Edith's aversion to society life and her disappointment over her marriage drove her to devote more time to her writing. Although her parents approved the choice, Edward was ten years older than Edith was, and physically and emotionally fragile. In 1885 Edith married a Boston banker named Edward Wharton. She preferred traveling with her parents to Europe, where she met Henry James, who became her mentor and critic. Although she recognized that the culture of New York's established gentry was anemic and repressive, Edith was just as repulsed by the philistinism of the newly rich who replaced it. Walter Berry, a family friend, encouraged her ambitions and would remain her lifelong confidante. Despite the attempts of her family to discourage her, Edith regularly wrote poems and short stories, some of which were published in magazines such as Scribner's and Harper's. She showed an interest in writing and literature from an early age.

Author BiographyĮdith Wharton was born January 24, 1862, to a wealthy New York family. All the same, this study in frustration, loneliness, and moral responsibility became a popular favorite, somewhat to the surprise of its author, and is frequently taught at the high school and college level. Later critics were even harsher in their evaluations, citing numerous inconsistencies and debating whether Ethan Frome himself is truly tragic or simply morally inert. Early reviewers praised Wharton's style but were dismayed by the novel's bleakness and the inability of her characters to find a way out of their situation. The attempt is a failure, and it leaves Mattie and Ethan crippled for life and condemned to Zeena's care.

Unable to bear the idea of parting, the lovers attempt to kill themselves by sledding into a tree. When Zeena realizes their mutual attraction, she arranges to engage a less attractive companion and to have Mattie sent away. Ethan, who has long been resigned to the care of his ailing wife and farm, is drawn to Mattie's youthful beauty and good humor. Young Mattie Silver arrives in the mountain village of Starkfield to help with housekeeping for her cousin Zeena, the sickly, cantankerous wife of Ethan Frome. The novel is a naturalistic-that is, unsentimental-portrait of emotional frigidity set in the New England winter. Critics have called Ethan Frome the most carefully constructed of Edith Wharton's novels, and have praised the economy of its language and its intensity.

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